Chapter 15 74HC595 & 7-Segment Display
=================================================
In this chapter, we will introduce the 7-Segment Display.

Project 15.1 7-Segment Display.
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We will use 74HC595 to control 7-segment display and make it display hexadecimal 
character "0-F".

Component List
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- ESP32-S3-WROOM x1
- GPIO Extension Board x1
- 830 Tie-Points Breadboard x1
- 74HC595 x1
- Resistor 220Ω x8
- 1 Dight 7-segment Display x1
- Jumper Wire 

Connect
^^^^^^^^^^^
.. image:: img/connect/15.png

Sketch
^^^^^^^
In this section, the 74HC595 is used in the same way as in the previous section, 
but with different values transferred. We can learn how to master the digital 
display by sending the coded value of "0" - "F".
**Sketch_15.1_7_Segment_Display**

.. image:: img/software/15.1.png

Verify and upload the code, and you'll see a 1-bit, 7-segment display displaying 0-F in a loop.

.. image:: img/phenomenon/15.1.png

Code
^^^^^^
The following is the program code:

.. code-block:: C

    int dataPin  = 12;          // Pin connected to DS of 74HC595（Pin14）
    int latchPin = 13;          // Pin connected to ST_CP of 74HC595（Pin12）
    int clockPin = 14;          // Pin connected to SH_CP of 74HC595（Pin11）

    // Define the encoding of characters 0-F for the common-anode 7-Segment Display
    byte num[] = {
    0x3f, 0x06, 0x5b, 0x4f, 0x66, 0x6d, 0x7d, 0x07, 0x7f, 0x6f, // 0-9
    0x77, 0x7c, 0x39, 0x5e, 0x79, 0x71  // A-F
    };

    void setup() {
    // set pins to output
    pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);
    }

    void loop() {
    // display 0-F on digital tube
    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        writeData(num[i]);// Send data to 74HC595
        delay(1000);      // delay 1 second
        writeData(0xff);  // Clear the display content
    }
    }

    void writeData(int value) {
    // Make latchPin output low level
    digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
    // Send serial data to 74HC595
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, value);
    // Make latchPin output high level, then 74HC595 will update the data to parallel output
    digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
    }